HSC EV Chemistry 2nd Paper 5th Chapter Note
HSC EV Chemistry 2nd Paper 5th Chapter Note. Economic Chemistry. Chemical marine pollution can cause many disturbances which, in the shorter or longer term, can have a negative impact on the economy. These effects may be related to living organisms, ecosystems as well as humans and their activities. The methods used to assess economic impact distinguish all that is of commercial value from all that is not. Resources of Resources can easily be calculated as they cover all that can be invoiced. An example of this is a professional fishing ban due to the intoxication of fish flesh or due to a decrease in tourism in the incident area.
Resources of non-commercial value are difficult to calculate as they cover all that cannot be invoiced. Some examples of this are a ban on recreational shellfish collection, sterility in certain mammals or damages caused to protected areas. The other difficulty often encountered when assessing economic impact is the lack of relative data for the reference condition, i.e. before the pollution. For instance, in many countries, there is no water quality control network. The quantity of the substance normally present in the environment is unknown, making it impossible to compare this with the quantity found in the polluted water.
The amount is always expressed as a number of appropriate units. An acid-base titration is an example of quantitative analysis. In this module, you will learn about the core ideas or building blocks that are required for a deep understanding of quantitative chemistry. You will start to appreciate how relatively simple ideas develop and progress to more complex calculations as more knowledge is acquired. This line of progression is clearly seen in the thread of ideas, which may be used as a point of reference.
Study of properties includes both physical properties and chemical properties, and uses similar methods as well as methods to evaluate chemical reactivity, with the aim to understand the behavior of the organic matter in its pure form (when possible), but also in solutions, mixtures, and fabricated forms. The study of organic reactions includes probing their scope through use in preparation of target compounds (e.g., natural products, drugs, polymers, etc.) by chemical synthesis, as well as the focused study of the reactivities of individual organic molecules, both in the laboratory and via theoretical (in silico) study.
HSC EV Chemistry 2nd Paper 5th Chapter Note. Economic Chemistry
When a chemical reaction is caused by an externally supplied current, as in electrolysis, or if an electric current is produced by a spontaneous chemical reaction as in a battery, it is called an electrochemical reaction. Chemical reactions where electrons are transferred directly between molecules and/or atoms are called oxidation-reduction or (redox) reactions. In general, electrochemistry describes the overall reactions when individual redox reactions are separate but connected by an external electric circuit and an intervening electrolyte
The classical procedure for the complete systematic analysis of an inorganic sample consists of several parts. First, a preliminary dry test may be performed, which may consist of heating the sample to detect the presence of such constituents as carbon (marked by the appearance of smoke or char) or water (marked by the appearance of moisture) or introducing the sample into a flame and noting the color produced. Certain elements may be identified by means of their characteristic flame colors. After preliminary tests have been performed, the sample is commonly dissolved in water for later determination of anionic constituents (i.e., negatively charged elements or groupings of elements) and cationic constituents (i.e., positively charged elements or groupings of elements).
The procedure followed is based on the principle of treating the solution with a succession of reagents so that each reagent separates a group of constituents. The groups are then treated successively with reagents that divide a large group into subgroups or separate the constituents singly. When a constituent has been separated it is further examined to confirm its presence and to establish the amount present (quantitative analysis). Portions of the material are dissolved separately, and different procedures are used for each to detect the cationic and anionic constituents
In many countries, laboratory work is subject to health and safety legislation. In some cases, laboratory activities can also present environmental health risks, for example, the accidental or deliberate discharge of toxic or infective material from the laboratory into the environment. All students must read and understand the information in this docomeent with regard to laboratory safety and emergency procedures prior to the first laboratory session. Your personal laboratory safety depends mostly on YOU. The effort has been made to address situations that may pose a hazard in the lab but the information and instructions provided cannot be considered all-inclusive.
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