HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 12th Chapter Note. Environnement Distribution and Conservation of Organisms. The environment is everything that is around us. It can be living or nonliving things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. Living things live in their environment. They constantly interact with it and adapt themselves to conditions in their … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 11th Chapter Note. Biotechnology. At its simplest, biotechnology is technology based on biology – biotechnology harnesses cellular and biomolecular processes to develop technologies and products that help improve our lives and the health of our planet. We have used the biological processes of microorganisms for more than 6,000 years to … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 10th Chapter Note. Reproduction of Plants. Plant reproduction is the production of new individuals or offspring in plants, which can be accomplished by sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction produces offspring by the fusion of gametes, resulting in offspring genetically different from the parent or parents. Plant reproductive system, any … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 9th Chapter Note. Plant Physiology. Plant physiology is a subdiscipline of botany concerned with the functioning, or physiology, of plants. Closely related fields include plant morphology (structure of plants), plant ecology (interactions with the environment), phytochemistry (biochemistry of plants), cell biology, genetics, biophysics, and molecular biology. Fundamental processes such as … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 8th Chapter Note. Tissue and Tissue system. In biology, the tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function. Organs are then formed by … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 7th Chapter Note. Gymnosperm and Angiosperm. Gymnosperms are a group of plants which produce seeds that are not contained within an ovary or fruit. The seeds are open to the air and are directly fertilized by pollination. “Gymnosperm”, from the Greek, gymnos, “naked” and sperma, “seed”, develop their seeds on … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 6th Chapter Note. Bryophyta and Pteridophyta. A pteridophyte sensu lato is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that reproduces via spores, and therefore was a member of the former and now invalid taxon Pteridophyta. The term is now used only informally to denominate a fern (monilophyte) or lycophyte. Most … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 5th Chapter Note. Algae and fungi. Algae is an informal term for a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are not necessarily closely related, and is thus polyphyletic. Included organisms range from unicellular microalgae genera, such as Chlorella and the diatoms, to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelp, … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm
HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 4th Chapter Note. Microorganism. A few harmful microbes, for example, less than 1% of bacteria, can invade our body (the host) and make us ill. Microbes cause infectious diseases such as flu and measles. There is also strong evidence that microbes may contribute to many non–infectious chronic diseases such as … Read more
Last Updated: March 22, 2026 at 8:45 pm