HSC Islamic History 2 Suggestion Question 2020-7

HSC Islamic History 2 Suggestion Question 2020-7. The history of Islam alarms the Islamic religion and its believers, known as Muslims. Muslims and their religion have importantly compressed the political, economic, and armed history of the Old World, mainly the Middle East, where lies its roots. Following its origin in Mecca and Medina, the Islamic world extended to include people of the Islamic development, inclusive of non-Muslims living in that advancement.

HSC Islamic History 2 Suggestion Question 2020-7

Model Question No. 7

Islamic History Suggestion and Question Patterns of HSC Examination 2020. The history of Islam alarms the Islamic religion and its believers, known as Muslims. Muslims and their religion have importantly compressed the political, economic, and armed history of the Old World, mainly the Middle East, where lies its roots. Following its origin in Mecca and Medina, the Islamic world extended to include people of the Islamic development, inclusive of non-Muslims living in that advancement.

The history of Islam concerns the political, social, economic, and developments of Islamicate civilization. Despite concerns about the reliability of early sources, most historians believe that Islam originated in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, approximately 600 years after the founding of Christianity. Muslims, however, believe that it did not start with Muhammad, but that it was the original faith of others whom they regard as prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah, and Adam.

In 610 CE, Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to be divine revelations.[6] Muhammad’s message won over a handful of followers and was met with increasing opposition from Meccan notables. In 622, a few years after losing protection with the death of his influential uncle Abu Talib, Muhammad migrated to the city of Yathrib (now known as Medina). With Muhammad’s death in 632, a disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as the leader of the Muslim community.

By the 8th century, the Umayyad Caliphate extended from Iberia in the west to the Indus River in the east. Polities such as those ruled by the Umayyads (in the Middle East and later in Iberia), Abbasids, Fatimids, and Mamluks were among the most influential powers in the world. The Islamic Golden Age gave rise to many centers of culture and science and produced notable astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, and philosophers during the Middle Ages.

By the early 13th century, the Delhi Sultanate conquered much of the northern Indian subcontinent, while Turkic dynasties like the Sultanate of Rum and Artuqids conquered much of Anatolia from the Byzantine Empire throughout the 11th and 12th centuries. In the 13th and 14th centuries, destructive Mongol invasions and those of Tamerlane from the East, along with the loss of population in the Black Death, greatly weakened the traditional centers of the Islamic world, stretching from Persia to Egypt.

Islamic Iberia was gradually conquered by Christian forces during the Reconquista. Nonetheless, in the Early Modern period, the Islamic Gunpowder Empires — the Ottoman Empire, Safavid Iran, and Mughal India — emerged as great world powers. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, most of the Islamic world fell under the influence or direct control of European “Great Powers.” Their efforts to win independence and build modern nation-states over the course of the last two centuries continue to reverberate to the present day, as well as fuel conflict-zones in regions such as Palestine, Kashmir, Xinjiang, Chechnya, Bosnia, and Myanmar.

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