HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 3rd Chapter Note

HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 3rd Chapter Note. Cell Chemistry. An electrochemical cell is a device capable of either generating electrical energy from chemical reactions or facilitating chemical reactions through the introduction of electrical energy. A common example of an electrochemical cell is a standard 1.5 – volt cell meant for consumer use. This type of device is known as a single galvanic cell. A battery consists of one or more cells, connected in either parallel or series pattern.

An electrochemical cell consists of two half-cells. Each half-cell consists of an electrode and an electrolyte. The two half-cells may use the same electrolyte, or they may use different electrolytes. The chemical reactions in the cell may involve the electrolyte, the electrodes, or an external substance (as in fuel cells that may use hydrogen gas as a reactant). In a full electrochemical cell, species from one half-cell lose electrons (oxidation) to their electrode while species from the other half-cell gain electrons (reduction) from their electrode.

This is necessary for sexual reproduction because each parent must give only half of the required genetic material, otherwise, his offspring would have too much DNA, which can be a problem. These different types of cell division are discussed below. Organisms can be classified as unicellular (consisting of a single cell; including bacteria) or multicellular (including plants and animals). While the number of cells in plants and animals varies from species to species, humans contain more than 10 trillion (1013) cells. Most plant and animal cells are visible only under a microscope, with dimensions between 1 and 100 micrometers.

HSC EV Biology 1st Paper 3rd Chapter Note. Cell Chemistry

A cell is the smallest working unit of all living organisms on our planet earth, which is capable of performing life functioning. Hence it can also be defined as a fundamental unit of life. The term cell was first observed and identified by an English physicist Robert Hook in the year 1665. There were many theories developed for the cell. Later in the year 1839 a two German scientist – Schwann and Schleiden provided few basic principles of the cell.

There are many cells in an individual, which performs several functions throughout life. The different types of the cell include- prokaryotic cell, plant and animal cell.  The size and the shape of the cell range from millimeter to microns, which are generally based on the type of function that it performs. A cell generally varies in their shapes. A few cells are in spherical, rod, flat, concave, curved, rectangular, oval and etc. These cells can only be seen under a microscope.

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English Version HSC Biology Note