Verification of the laws of Galileo’s falling body. Falling Bodies, objects moving downward under the influence of gravity. The nature of this motion is the same for an object that falls straight down as it is for one that moves forward and down at the same time. Thus a bullet fired horizontally from a rifle falls at the same rate as one that is simply dropped. Knowledge of the motion of falling bodies is important in calculating the trajectory of bombs, bullets, artillery shells, and missiles.

Verification of the laws of Galileo’s falling body

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Verification of the laws of Galileo’s falling body

In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle maintained that an object falls with a speed proportionate to its weight that is, the heavier the object, the faster it falls. This idea was generally accepted until the 17th century when Galileo showed that the rate of fall caused by gravity is the same for all objects. (There is a tradition that Galileo made this discovery by dropping iron balls of unequal weight from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. In describing his experiments, however, Galileo did not mention the Leaning Tower.) In an experiment made with balls rolling down a sloping board, Galileo determined the rate at which bodies accelerate (speed up) as they fall.

A seeming contradiction of the principle that all bodies fall at the same rate is the fact that a lump of lead will fall faster than such objects as feathers or leaves. However, these objects fall at a different rate because of air resistance a vacuum, a lump of lead, a feather, and a leaf will fall at the same rate. This phenomenon was demonstrated by astronauts on the moon, which has no atmosphere. In one experiment, a hammer and a feather were dropped together from the same height; both fell at the same rate and struck the surface of the moon simultaneously.

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