HSC Finance, Banking, and Bima 2nd Paper 1st Chapter Note Preliminary Concept of Banking System. The structural network of institutions that offer financial services within a county. The members of the banking system and the functions they typically perform include: (1) commercial banks that take deposits and make loans, (2) investment banks which specialize in capital market issues and trading, and (3) national central banks that issue currency and set monetary policy. The history of banking began with the first prototype banks where the merchants of the world, who made grain loans to farmers and traders who carried goods between cities. This was around 2000 BC in Assyria and Sumeria. Later, in ancient Greece and during the Roman Empire, lenders based in temples made loans, while accepting deposits and performing the change of money. Archaeology from this period in ancient China and India also shows evidence of money lending activity.
HSC Finance, Banking, and Bima 2nd Paper 1st Chapter Note Preliminary Concept of Banking System
Many histories position the crucial historical development of a banking system to medieval and Renaissance Italy and particularly the affluent cities of Florence, Venice, and Genoa. The Bardi and Peruzzi Families dominated banking in 14th century Florence, establishing branches in many other parts of Europe. The most famous Italian bank was the Medici bank, established by Giovanni Medici in 1397. The oldest bank still in existence is Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, headquartered in Siena, Italy, which has been operating continuously since 1472.
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