HSC Biology 1st Paper Note 2nd Chapter Cell Division

HSC Biology 1st Paper Note 2nd Chapter Cell Division. Cell division is the process cells go through to divide. There are several types of cell division, depending upon what type of organism is dividing. Organisms have evolved over time to have different and more complex forms of cell division. Most prokaryotes, or bacteria, use binary fission to divide the cell. Eukaryotes of all sizes use mitosis to divide. Sexually-reproducing eukaryotes use a special form of cell division called meiosis to reduce the genetic content in the cell. This is necessary for sexual reproduction because each parent must give only half of the required genetic material, otherwise, his offspring would have too much DNA, which can be a problem. These different types of cell division are discussed below.

HSC Biology 1st Paper Note 2nd Chapter Cell Division

Prokaryotes replicate through a type of cell division known as binary fission. Prokaryotes are a simple organism, with only one membrane and no division internally. Thus, when a prokaryote divides, it simply replicates the DNA and splits in half. The process is a little more complicated than this, as DNA must first be unwound by special proteins. Although the DNA in prokaryotes usually exists in a ring, it can get quite tangled when it is being used by the cell. To copy the DNA efficiently, it must be stretched out. This also allows the two new rings of DNA created to be separated after they are produced. The two strands of DNA separate into two different sides of the prokaryote cell. The cell then gets longer and divides in the middle. The process can be seen in the image below.

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